A Comparison of Nurses Essay

A Comparison of Nurses Educated at the Associate-Degree Level versus the Baccalaureate-Degree Level A vocation in nursing has numerous prospects and relying upon where one is utilized there might be distinctive instructive necessities. There are numerous attendants in the workforce with just their associate’s degree in nursing, yet over the long haul it appears that the baccalaureate degree is getting a greater amount of a desire. This raises the inquiry is there a distinction in the competency of the partner level attendant from the baccalaureate-level medical caretaker? Studies are indicating that there is a distinction and patient results are influenced by this distinction. Contrasts between the Associate Degree in Nursing and the Baccalaureate Degree in Nursing In request to think about the skills between medical attendants arranged at the partner degree level versus the baccalaureate-degree level, one should initially contrast the prerequisites with acquire these degrees. The Associate’s Degree in Nursing, curtailed ADN, is a two-year degree generally earned through a junior college. It requires 60 credit hours to finish and upon fruition the alumni can apply for licensure through the state wherein they will rehearse. The Bachelors of Science in Nursing, likewise called BSN, is a four-year degree got at a college. It incorporates similar regions of study and has a similar endless supply of the NCLEX as the ADN nurture, yet digs further into nursing hypothesis just as pathophysiology and specialized abilities. Numerous businesses require the bachelor’s qualification for higher situations in nursing, for example, clinical chiefs and medical attendant pros. Contrasts in abilities between medical attendants arranged at the partner degree level versus the baccalaureate-degree level As clarified over the bachelor’s certificate in nursing requires two additional long periods of training and an a lot further investigation of nursing hypothesis and pathophysiology than the associate’s degree. The inquiry is does this additional instruction and spotlight on nursing hypothesis make a BSN nurture more capable than an ADN nurture. Exploration proposes there is a critical impact of medical caretaker experience and a noteworthy impact of the level of BSN nurture in every emergency clinic (Kendall-Gallagher, Aiken, Sloane &Cimiotti, 2011) with respect to better patient results. To comprehend the distinction one must glance at the fundamental nursing procedure and how information on nursing hypothesis and pathophysiology influences it. The fundamental procedure instructed in nursing school in giving patient consideration is appraisal, plan, mediation and assessment. Appraisal is one the principal things a nursing understudy learns. The partner level and single guy level attendant will both have taken in this ability in the absolute first long periods of nursing school. The two medical attendants will likewise be able with the last advance, assessment of the intercessions. The bit of leeway a BSN medical caretaker will have lies in the center two stages plan and mediation. The arrangement and intercessions an attendant gives is influenced by their dynamic aptitudes and this depends on their training. Plan and Intervention. To decide a patient’s plan of care, one glances at the anomalous appraisals and afterward utilizes their insight into pathophysiology to decide the arrangement of care. While the BSN attendant won't really have progressively clinical hours in surveying the patient, they will have taken a greater number of classes in pathophysiology than the ADN medical caretaker and along these lines may see an illness procedure more promptly than the ADN nurture. This is the place the mediations will happen. Mediations are controlled by the medical caretaker dependent on their dynamic abilities. Dynamic Skills Nursing is a field wherein one is given a lot of self-governance. In this way a very remarkable patient’s care is influenced by a nurse’s dynamic abilities. One’s capacity to settle on choices is influenced by numerous things including past encounters, condition and instruction. The concentration here is training and how the extra examination for the BSN influences nurses’ dynamic aptitudes. The BSN attendant will have contemplated pathophysiology and nursing hypothesis in more prominent profundity than the ADN nurture. This additional information is then applied to the choices a medical attendant makes for their patient. These choices greatly affect understanding results and late examinations have demonstrated that there is diminished bleakness, mortality, and inability to-save rates in medical clinics that utilize bigger rates of baccalaureate arranged attendants (Altman, 2011). Impact of baccalaureate-degree level medical caretakers on quiet results In the intense circumstance the BSN attendant can utilize their insight into pathophysiology notwithstanding their dynamic aptitudes to diminish dreariness and mortality. Considering the more prominent picture, a progressively comprehensive methodology dependent on the BSN nurse’s recognition with nursing hypothesis, will improve understanding results. For instance let’s take a gander at a medical clinic confirmation for a congestive cardiovascular breakdown fuel. Both the ADN and BSN medical caretaker will survey the patient and notice exemplary signs like brevity of breath and edema. The two attendants will anticipate diuresis and giving close consideration to respiratory status. The distinction will accompany the all encompassing methodology that a BSN nurture is bound to take. The accentuation on the nursing hypotheses that a BSN nurture has contemplated will permit them to take a gander at the patient all in all, as opposed to managing just adjustment of manifestations. The information on nursing hypothesis the BSN nurture has will permit them to dig further into why this patient conceded and what they can do to forestall a readmission. The BSN nurture poses inquiries with regards to what caused the compounding. It might be that the patient needs all the more instructing on diet and drug consistence. They will get some information about their home circumstance. It’s conceivable the patient is having money related weights that have shielded them from filling their remedies. The BSN nurture is bound to take a gander at the home circumstance. The patient may have discouragement with the conclusion and need a few assets for social help. With respect to King’s hypothesis, nursing’s focal objective is to assist people with keeping up their wellbeing so they can work in their jobs (Creasia, 180). By helping the patient capacity in their job, the medical caretaker engages the patient to have a more advantageous existence. The patient is sent home instructed with the assets expected to have a sound existence and in this way decreases superfluous emergency clinic confirmations. This thusly permits the space accessible for emergency clinic confirmations that are vital and prompts a more beneficial network. REFERENCES Altmann, Tanya K. (2011). Enlisted attendants coming back to class for aâ bachelors qualification in nursing: Issues rising up out of a meta-investigation of the examination. Contemporary Nurse: A Journal for the Australian Nursing Profession, 39, (2): 256-72. Creasia, J; Friberg, E. (2011). Calculated Foundations: The Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice. (fifth Edition). St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby, Inc. , an offshoot of Elsevier Inc. Kendall-Gallagher, Deborah; Aiken, Linda H. ; Sloane, Douglas M. ; Cimiotti, Jeannie P. (2011). Medical caretaker Specialty Certification, Inpatient Mortality, and Failure to Rescue. Diary of Nursing Scholarship, 43, 188-94.

One of Britains most popular writers Essay Example For Students

One of Britains most mainstream scholars Essay Charles Dickens is one of Britains most mainstream essayists. Analyze A Christmas Carol and how Dickens utilizes language and various methods in the novel to carry individuals and spots to life. In this exposition I will look at one of the universes best essayists, Charles Dickens. I will investigate how Dickens utilizes language and various strategies in the novel to carry individuals and spots to life. Charles Dickens was conceived in Portsmouth in 1812, the child of a representative in the Navy pay office. Dickens first novel was distributed when he was just 25. This was the initial segment in a serialization called The Pickwick Papers the arrangement was amazingly effectively and monetarily exceptionally helpful. Dickens at that point proceeded to compose Oliver Twist, Nicholas Nickleby and the Old interest Shop which were totally finished by 1841. What's more, in 1843 he composed his most well known novel A Christmas Carol. Dickens is such a well known creator since individuals discover his accounts energizing and holding. Dickens makes important characters and places, he does this utilizing numerous strategies, for example, embodiment, bunching of words and utilizing analogies, which is all apparent in the primary section I will analyze. In the section where it depicts the road and the chilly, Dickens utilizes numerous procedures however focuses on embodiment, sentence length and faculties. He does this by utilizing long sentences portraying the shops and breathes life into things when he says The old pinnacle of a congregation, whose rough old chime was continually peeping cleverly down at Scrooge. He additionally utilizes representation on the ice since he referenced skeptic ice which implies disagreeable. He utilized faculties like when he composed berries popped to make a virus impact as though the berries were solidified over. These are pressed into long enlightening sentences, so to split it up Dickens utilized a short four-word sentence that is The virus got extraordinary. to separate the depiction and to keep the fervor and anticipation there. This additionally puts enthuses on the serious cold which is the focal point of his portrayal. In the following section where Dickens is depicting Scrooge he primarily centers around bunching of modifiers yet in addition utilized a couple of comparisons to make his composing all the more charming. Dickens utilizes grouping of descriptive words to depict Scrooge as a cool, tight, mean and narrow minded man. For instance it utilizes the words, A pressing, twisting, getting a handle on, scratching, grasping avaricious old delinquent! which are for the most part incredibly terrible words in the event that you are depicting an individual. He utilizes these words since he is desolate and after Jacob Marley kicked the bucket he felt no need or companions. Dickens utilizes metaphors in this section to contrast objects with Scrooges sentiments, for example, to portray his dejection, he utilizes, singular as a shellfish since clams are caught onside their shells holding on to come out simply like Scrooge. The last entry I will investigate is depicting the climate. Dickens utilizes a great deal of language procedures, for example, bunching of descriptive words, since quite a while ago nitty gritty sentences and likenesses. He utilizes representation to bring the climate alive when he composed gnawing climate, he composes this yet climate can not nibble, this is a decent word to utilize in light of the fact that when you get cold you can not feel your fingers and you feel like somebody is squeezing you or gnawing you. Dickens consistently utilizes metaphors in the most ideal manner as this time he composed neighboring workplaces, similar to rosy smears upon the substantial earthy colored air. Which brings the image into your psyche that there is a thick mist where you just barely observe the layouts of the structures and the air appeared to be earthy colored as it blended in with the block. He utilizes long sentences in this entry followed by a short one to separate the content and give the peruser somewhat of a rest and to make more environments in the book. .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857 , .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857 .postImageUrl , .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857 , .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857:hover , .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857:visited , .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857:active { border:0!important; } .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857:active , .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857:hover { haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u6492cd4 a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Edna: The Awakwening EssayIn end to my article, I feel that Dickens composing methods, which help breath life into his settings and characters. He shifts the sentence lengths and utilizations comparisons, sound to word imitation, exemplification, grouping of words, faculties and all these function admirably in his content. Dickens was the best author of his time since he utilized such huge numbers of intriguing words and expresses and made every one of his books the best read.

On financial aid, the JJWBGSP Scholarship, and student loan scams COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

On financial aid, the JJWBGSP Scholarship, and student loan scams COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog To our Fall 2019 MIA, MPA and MPA-DP applicants: Thank you for your patience as the Admissions Committee reads your applications. Decisions will be released in mid-March (so, soon!), and youll receive an email telling you to check your Status Page. Weve already been receiving some questions about financial aid and wanted to give a few updates about that: First, well have a number of admitted students events, online and in-person, that will fully cover financial aid options at SIPA. A reminder that your financial aid information is confidential, and often the best way to get personal information tailored to you is by contacting our Office of Financial Aid at sipa_finaid@columbia.edu. Second is a scholarship reminder: In case you didnt mark your calendars last time we posted about it, the 2019 Joint Japan/World Bank Graduate Scholarship Program application opens tomorrow, March 7th, and closes on April 11, 2019. Find the full information for the JJWBGSP Scholarship on their website. Finally, if you have a phone number, there’s a good chance that you have recently received numerous calls from someone telling you that your student loans are eligible for reduced monthly payments and/or forgiveness. There are a number of ways that student loan borrowers may be able to reduce monthly payments and/or qualify for partial forgiveness of their loan, but please be aware that these phone calls are all scams. An article in the morning Metro describes an example; a borrower learns about repayment options that provide some relief, but doesn’t realize that the $50 monthly fee she’s being charged to sign up and remain in that option is completely unnecessary. Student loan borrowers have many options for repayment, and thanks to the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) Program, many can get part of their loans forgiven, but all of this can be arranged by working with their loan servicer â€" completely free of charge. The monthly payments themselves might be a big enough financial obligation; don’t add an extra fee for services that shouldn’t cost anything. Again, any SIPA students with questions about student loan repayment can always meet with or contact (sipa_finaid@columbia.edu) a member of the Financial Aid Office staff for guidance; we also have information on repayment and PSLF here.  We know that student loans can cause stress, but take the time to get all the facts.

On financial aid, the JJWBGSP Scholarship, and student loan scams COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

On financial aid, the JJWBGSP Scholarship, and student loan scams COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog To our Fall 2019 MIA, MPA and MPA-DP applicants: Thank you for your patience as the Admissions Committee reads your applications. Decisions will be released in mid-March (so, soon!), and youll receive an email telling you to check your Status Page. Weve already been receiving some questions about financial aid and wanted to give a few updates about that: First, well have a number of admitted students events, online and in-person, that will fully cover financial aid options at SIPA. A reminder that your financial aid information is confidential, and often the best way to get personal information tailored to you is by contacting our Office of Financial Aid at sipa_finaid@columbia.edu. Second is a scholarship reminder: In case you didnt mark your calendars last time we posted about it, the 2019 Joint Japan/World Bank Graduate Scholarship Program application opens tomorrow, March 7th, and closes on April 11, 2019. Find the full information for the JJWBGSP Scholarship on their website. Finally, if you have a phone number, there’s a good chance that you have recently received numerous calls from someone telling you that your student loans are eligible for reduced monthly payments and/or forgiveness. There are a number of ways that student loan borrowers may be able to reduce monthly payments and/or qualify for partial forgiveness of their loan, but please be aware that these phone calls are all scams. An article in the morning Metro describes an example; a borrower learns about repayment options that provide some relief, but doesn’t realize that the $50 monthly fee she’s being charged to sign up and remain in that option is completely unnecessary. Student loan borrowers have many options for repayment, and thanks to the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) Program, many can get part of their loans forgiven, but all of this can be arranged by working with their loan servicer â€" completely free of charge. The monthly payments themselves might be a big enough financial obligation; don’t add an extra fee for services that shouldn’t cost anything. Again, any SIPA students with questions about student loan repayment can always meet with or contact (sipa_finaid@columbia.edu) a member of the Financial Aid Office staff for guidance; we also have information on repayment and PSLF here.  We know that student loans can cause stress, but take the time to get all the facts.

What Is an Electric Field Definition, Formula, Example

When a balloon is rubbed against a sweater, the balloon becomes charged. Because of this charge, the balloon can stick to walls, but when placed beside another balloon that has also been rubbed, the first balloon will fly in the opposite direction. Key Takeaways: Electric Field An electric charge is a property of matter that causes two objects to attract or repel depending on their charges (positive or negative).An electric field is a region of space around an electrically charged particle or object in which an electric charge would feel force.An electric field is a vector quantity and can be visualized as arrows going toward or away from charges. The lines are defined as pointing radially outward, away from a positive charge, or radially inward, toward a negative charge. This phenomenon is the result of a property of matter called electric charge. Electric charges produce electric fields: regions of space around electrically charged particles or objects in which other electrically charged particles or objects would feel force. Electric Charge Definition An electric charge, which can be either positive or negative, is a property of matter that causes two objects to attract or repel. If the objects are oppositely charged (positive-negative), they will attract; if they are similarly charged (positive-positive or negative-negative), they will repel. The unit of electric charge is the coulomb, which is defined as the amount of electricity that is conveyed by an electrical current of 1 ampere in 1 second. Atoms, which are the basic units of matter, are made of three types of particles: electrons, neutrons, and protons. Electrons and protons themselves are electrically charged and have a negative and positive charge, respectively. A neutron is not electrically charged. Many objects are electrically neutral and have a total net charge of zero. If there is an excess of either electrons or protons, thus yielding a net charge that is not zero, the objects are considered charged. One way to quantify electrical charge is by using the constant e 1.602 *10-19 coulombs. An electron, which is the smallest quantity of negative electrical charge, has a charge of -1.602 *10-19 coulombs. A proton, which is the smallest quantity of positive electrical charge, has a charge of 1.602 *10-19 coulombs. Thus, 10 electrons would have a charge of -10 e, and 10 protons would have a charge of 10 e. Coulombs Law Electric charges attract or repel each other because they exert forces on each other. The force between two electric point charges—idealized charges that are concentrated at one point in space—is described by Coulomb’s law. Coulombs law states that the strength, or magnitude, of the force between two point charges is proportional to the magnitudes of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance between the two charges. Mathematically, this is given as: F (k|q1q2|)/r2 where q1 is the charge of the first point charge, q2 is the charge of the second point charge, k 8.988 * 109 Nm2/C2 is Coulomb’s constant, and r is the distance between two point charges. Although there are technically no real point charges, electrons, protons, and other particles are so small that they can be approximated by a point charge. Electric Field Formula An electric charge produces an electric field, which is a region of space around an electrically charged particle or object in which an electric charge would feel force. The electric field exists at all points in space and can be observed by bringing another charge into the electric field. However, the electric field can be approximated as zero for practical purposes if the charges are far enough from each other. Electric fields are a vector quantity and can be visualized as arrows going toward or away from charges. The lines are defined as pointing radially outward, away from a positive charge, or radially inward, toward a negative charge. The magnitude of the electric field is given by the formula E F/q, where E is the strength of the electric field, F is the electric force, and q is the test charge that is being used to â€Å"feel† the electric field. Example: Electric Field of 2 Point Charges For two point charges, F is given by Coulomb’s law above. Thus, F (k|q1q2|)/r2, where q2 is defined as the test charge that is being used to â€Å"feel† the electric field.We then use the electric field formula to obtain E F/q2, since q2 has been defined as the test charge.After substituting for F, E   (k|q1|)/r2. Sources Fitzpatrick, Richard. â€Å"Electric Fields.† The University of Texas at Austin, 2007.Lewandowski, Heather, and Chuck Rogers. â€Å"Electric Fields.† University of Colorado at Boulder, 2008.Richmond, Michael. â€Å"Electric Charge and Coulomb’s Law.† Rochester Institute of Technology.

Must Be Obeyed ( P. 280 - 1256 Words

must be obeyed (p.280). Collectivist societies include a built-in hierarchy, each position within the society is preordained with little to no wiggle room. In the case of Stalin, he ensured there would be no question of his authority by surrounding himself by subordinates who served him (did as they were told and served a purpose within his regime) and those subjects who may have questioned him feared him for those who offered the slightest bit of opposition were executed or exiled. However, there were those who loved him. Strong and Killingsworth (2011) quoted Kornei Chukovski (1936) as writing in his diary the following excerpt: And HE stood, a little weary, pensive and stately. One could feel the tremendous habit of power, the force†¦show more content†¦282). One of Stalin’s tactics to establish his social power was through â€Å"manipulation and control of the media† (Strong Killingsworth, 2011, p. 407). Stalin seemed to be quite skilled in his use of the media to portray the image of himself that he wished his followers to see. News articles were written in such a way to cause people feel as if Stalin was synonymous with power. All of this media manipulation cemented the growing bond between Stalin and his followers making them love him all the more (Strong Killingsworth, 2011, p. 407). Thereby exerting his social power through literature and by using the manipulation of media created a God-like image of himself that his followers loved and adored. Certain individuals believe that it is unimaginable the atrocious acts a dictator will orchestrate to ensure the submission of hi s followers to his rule. Leading them to wonder why people follow dictators? In the book, The Psychology of Dictatorship by Fathali M. Moghaddam (2013), the author addresses several aspects as to what it means to live under a dictatorship. The first point of interest is how individuals tend to assume the worldview of their particular culture (p. 47). Shiraev and Levy (2013) explain that when this happens, it is called groupthink (p. 283) within a dictatorship, each

Why Athens Lost the Peloponessian War Free Essays

â€Å"They were beaten at all points and altogether; all that they suffered was great; they were destroyed as the saying is with total destruction, their fleet, their army; everything was destroyed and few out of many returned home. † (Thucydides, Peloponnesian War, 481) The Sicilian military campaign of Athens proved to be one of the most disastrous military campaigns in ancient times. The loss of thousands of soldiers and sailors, hundreds of vessels and vast amounts of money from the treasury reduced tremendously the Athenian ability to wage war; however, even in spite of such a loss, Athens was still able to prolong the war for nine more years until the Spartans defeated Athens in 404 B. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Athens Lost the Peloponessian War or any similar topic only for you Order Now C. The downfall of Athens came as a result of Spartan military operations, which destroyed the Athenian navy and cut off Athens from the supply of grain from Ionia. The decisive battle at Aegospotami in 405 B. C put an end to the Athenian empire and Athenian military power. There were many reasons for the demise of Athens, ranging from bad leadership and preparation for war to a lack of overall strategic concept for conducting the war against Sparta and its allies. All of these reasons contributed to the downfall of Athens in the Peloponnesian War; however, this paper will focus only on the failure of Athens to execute Pericles’s strategy. Athens lost the Peloponnesian War because of a failure to follow the strategy of Pericles, which ultimately led to reckless expeditions, ill-advised war decisions and loss of allies. Pericles was an Athenian politician and general during the time when tensions between Sparta and Athens were rapidly escalating. The two city-states were constantly feuding over interests and were unable to compromise on several issues such as the siege of Potidaea, Megarian decree, and allowing Aegina become independent. This unwillingness of both sides in turn, pushed the rival poleis into a war against each other, which marked the start of the first Peloponnesian War. Before the hostilities began, Pericles laid out a strategy before the council, which if Athens were to follow would lead to a favorable outcome over the Lacedaemonians. The principles of Pericles’ strategy centered on naval warfare, attrition and limited foreign engagements during the time of war. Pericles being a wise strategist and a general knew the strengths and weaknesses of Athens and their opponents Lacedaemonians. Athens could not match the Spartan superiority in the hoplite warfare; however, Athens was capable of destroying Sparta by conducting raids from the sea on Spartan territory. The Athenian maritime fleet became one of the most powerful fleets in the ancient world after the defeat of Persia. The Athenian navy consisted of hundreds of ships and thousands of sailors who over the years gained experience and became second to none in their craft. Their familiarity with the sea allowed Athens to sail anywhere and raise fortification against any enemy in their own land. Such an advantage over the seas prevented Athenian opponents from committing too many resources and soldiers against Athens because of the fear that Athens might strike while they were on an expedition. Furthermore, the domination of the seas allowed Athens to become wealthy from trading with her allies and colonies. The money made abroad combined with the tributes from allies allowed Athens to acquire means for prolonged wars. On the other hand, Sparta in the eyes of Pericles could not afford this luxury and had to fight shorter wars. â€Å"Spartans personally engaged in the cultivation of their land, had no private or public funds, the Peloponnesians are also without experience in long wars across the sea. (Thucydides, Peloponnesian War, 82) Pericles saw that Sparta can only gain land and money by battle, while Athens had plenty of islands where they received their resources from, which in turn did not require Athens to engage in many battles. In addition, Lacedaemonians were also limited by the type of alliance they were in, where each member had an equal vote. The group had to reach a consensus before they could act, while Athens made decisions and her allies followed. Pericles foresaw that the Peloponnesian League members in their war decisions would press for their own well-being instead of the common good. Therefore, when Athens would attack one of the allies of Sparta, Spartans would be put in a position where they had to choose to either to protect their allies and abandon the attack on Athens, or to continue the attack without support. That was the strategy of Pericles to defeat Lacedaemonians and their allies. By remaining in the city and conducting naval warfare, Athens would eventually reach a favorable outcome against the Spartans. Additionally, for as long as they abstained from new conquest during the war and kept their allies with them they had a good chance in winning the war. Following the death of Pericles in 429 B. C. the Athenian strategy for the war began to change. â€Å"Private ambitions and interests in matters apparently quite foreign to the war, lead them into projects unjust both to themselves and to their allies, projects whose successes would only conduce to the honor and advantage of private persons, and whose failure entailed certain disaster on the country in the war. † (Thucydides, Peloponnesian War, 126) Personal ambitions and interests were in many cases put before the common good. This change in the strategy was exhibited in many situations and the most prominent was the Sicilian campaign. It was not in Athens’ strategic interest to invade Sicily because the city was still struggling with enemies within their homeland. But, common good and the strategic interest of a polis were overshadowed by eloquent speeches of individuals who promised wealth and expansion of the Athenian Empire as the results of the expeditions. However, these expeditions proved to be more detrimental than beneficial to the city of Athens. The Sicilian campaign is the prime example of unnecessary expedition, which stemmed more from personal ambitions than overall interest of the city. Athens became involved in Sicily because of her alliance with Egesta, which was at war with Selinuntines. The Egestaeans called upon Athens to assist them in war not only because they signed an alliance and belonged to the same Ionian ethnic groups but also because of supposed danger that Syracusans the allies of Selinuntines posed to Athens. Egestaeans persuaded Athenians that if they would not act Syracusans would take over Sicily and than would join the Peloponnesians in attacking Athens. The envoys from Athens were dispatched to survey the situation in Sicily and when they returned Athens decided to join the Egestaeans in the war against Selinuntines and Syracusans. Few Athenians questioned the decision of the council, however, among them was Nicias the general who was leading the expedition to Sicily. Nicias argued that the expedition to Sicily would bring Athens more enemies and more problems. Athens needed to focus on the war with the Lacedaemonians and securing the empire they established and not to undertake new conquests. However, his arguments fell on deaf ears and Athens began to prepare for the expedition. Over five thousands hoplites and one hundred triremes were dispatched from Athens to Sicily in 415 B. C. The goal of the expedition was simple, to capture Syracuse, however, Syracuse stood its ground and the Athenian generals requested more soldiers and ships from Athens. Even with the reinforcements, Athens was unable to gain advantage over the Syracusans. The results of the expedition were disastrous and not what the Athenians had expected. Syracuse and their allies, with the help of Spartans were able to stop and later annihilate the Athenians in Sicily. The Athenian failure in Sicily reverberated across the Greek world, which led to more problems for the Athenians. With the news of the defeat, not only did the enemies of Athens become more emboldened to take actions against Athens but also the Athenian colonies began to revolt which caused Athens both economic and political problems. Athens’ source of strength came from her allies and colonies. They did not only provide Athens with money in a form of tribunes but also supplied her with resources such as wood, silver or food. The Athenian alliance system was set up in such a way that it required everyone to contribute money, ships or men. These contributions were then put to use in the war by Athens. The contributions kept on coming in for as long as Athens could control her allies, however when Athens began to engage in battles and started losing them, the allies revolted. The allies and colonies began to revolt because Athens could no longer proceed with forces against them. Additionally, the treatment by Athens created resentment among the allies and colonies. The allies no longer saw themselves as equals but as servants to Athens. When Lacedaemonians came through, their city’s majority changed sides because they believed that would receive freedom from by siding with Sparta. The revolutions of allies in many cases were also due to the bad treatment by Athens. After engaging in campaigns, which did not bring back the desired result, Athens pressed her allies for more tribunes and contributions. The poleis which did not want to pay more eventually revolted, than Athens was forced to put down the revolutions with force, which alienated the allies even more. The revolts and losses of allies had a profound impact on Athenian war efforts. Not only did they require Athens to diverge manpower and resources away from the war but also Athens was cut of from tribunes, which they badly needed after the failure in Sicily. â€Å"If you consent not to combine schemes of fresh conquest with the conduct of the war, and will abstain willfully involving yourselves in other dangers, indeed, I am more afraid of our own blunders than of the enemy’s devices. † (Thucydides, Peloponnesian War, 85) The leaders of Athens and majority of the Athenian populace did not take the advice of Pericles to heart. Witnessing the destruction of the countryside from inside the Long Walls, many Athenians became enraged with Pericles’s strategy. People like Cleon and Alcibiades who promulgated more offensive and daring plans in the war, became leaders. With their promises of wealth, glory and fame, they were able to persuade Athenians to engage in unneeded expeditions. However, these expeditions only drew the attention away of what was actually needed to end the war. Athens lost the Peloponnesian War because of her failure to follow Pericles’s strategy. Pericles’s strategy stressed the importance of navy and staying within one’s walls which if was adhered to by the Athenians; it would ultimately lead Athens towards a favorable outcome. However, personal ambitions and interest preceded the common good, which resulted in failed expeditions and policies. These disastrous expeditions in the end were compounded with revolts and losses of allies, which ultimately led to the Athenian downfall. Athens was no longer able to provide manpower and resources to continue the war and ultimately was taken over by Lacedaemonia. How to cite Why Athens Lost the Peloponessian War, Essay examples

By Dan Serpico Essay Example For Students

By Dan Serpico Essay Nihil ex nihilo, I always say(Gardner 150). These are the words of the infamous Grendel from the novel, titled that same character, by John Gardner. They represent the phrase life itself is meaningless which is taught to Grendel by a few different people throughout this novel. In the following essay, the explanation of this phrase, the way Grendel learns about nihilism, and how Grendel develops the concept of nihilism, as it is known, will be discussed. First, we attack the nihilism itself. What is Nihilism? Well, this is one of the main components of the book. It means life itself is meaningless. What is meant by that phrase is that anything you do or decide to do, means nothing. For example, if you make a huge decision that you think will affect you for the rest of your life, according to a nihilist it means nothing. To them, it will all turn out how it is supposed to turn out and that is that. Nihilism also refers to people who do not believe they should be told how to live their life by the government. One major example of a nihilism uprise was in Russia during the 1860s. During this decade, nihilism was primarily a rejection of tradition and authoritarianism in favor of rationalism and individualism. In Laments terms, live your lives how you want to live it and do not let anyone tell you how. In the novel, Grendel first learns this theory indirectly from the hypocrisy of man. This starts in chapter three where Grendel is observing man for the very first time. He watches in horror as they fight and scream over land and treasure. After all of this nonsense and chaos, they still have the nerve to make speeches about how honorable or great they or their king is, even though they still kill one another. This is an early sign in the book of the hypocrisy of man. From chapter three: Terrible threats, from the few words I could catch. Things about their fathers, and their fathers fathers, things about justice and honor and lawful revenge, their throats swollen, their eyes rolling like a newborn colts, sweat running down their shoulders.(Gardner 35). This quote is Grendel talking about what he sees and only what he sees. This is where he is wrongly taught about how the humans live out their hypocrisy. You could compare this situation to a toddler watching an adult and learning by repeating and mimicking everything done by the older one. This is exactly how Grendel is learning. In Chapter four, Grendels learning is furthered even more when he comes in contact with the people of Herot. At first, he comes to the hall and offers peace and mercy. Immediately the humans hack away at him with their swords. This really gets Grendel angry since he just offered his peace. He then becomes part of this hypocrisy by fighting man himself. From chapter four: I staggered out into the open and up toward the hall with my burden, groaning out, ?Mercy! Peace! The Harper broke off, the people screamed. (They all have their own versions, but this is the truth.) Drunken men rushed over with battle-axes. I sank to my knees crying, ?Friend! Friend! They hacked at me yipping like dogs., . I crushed the body in my hug, then hurled it in their faces, turned, and fled.(Gardner 52) This was the event that really made Grendel into a nihilist. The only thing left was to develop this daring new concept. Enter stage left, the Dragon. .u104898e1899e6f062fa01e83d77d94da , .u104898e1899e6f062fa01e83d77d94da .postImageUrl , .u104898e1899e6f062fa01e83d77d94da .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u104898e1899e6f062fa01e83d77d94da , .u104898e1899e6f062fa01e83d77d94da:hover , .u104898e1899e6f062fa01e83d77d94da:visited , .u104898e1899e6f062fa01e83d77d94da:active { border:0!important; } .u104898e1899e6f062fa01e83d77d94da .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u104898e1899e6f062fa01e83d77d94da { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u104898e1899e6f062fa01e83d77d94da:active , .u104898e1899e6f062fa01e83d77d94da:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u104898e1899e6f062fa01e83d77d94da .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u104898e1899e6f062fa01e83d77d94da .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u104898e1899e6f062fa01e83d77d94da .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u104898e1899e6f062fa01e83d77d94da .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u104898e1899e6f062fa01e83d77d94da:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u104898e1899e6f062fa01e83d77d94da .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u104898e1899e6f062fa01e83d77d94da .u104898e1899e6f062fa01e83d77d94da-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u104898e1899e6f062fa01e83d77d94da:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Statistics EssayThe Dragon, the mentor, the teacher to Grendel of nihilism. Grendel is awakened by the dragon and is brought to his lair. The Dragon, not caring at all about Grendel as a person, helps Grendel develop his nihilist ideas. To do this, he explains to him that repetition is the key to nihilism. No matter how hard the universe trys to stop repetition, it always goes on. For example, if Grendel were not there, some other evil would be tormenting the humans. From chapter five: The essence of life is to be found in the frustrations of established order. The universe refuses the deading influence of complete conformity.(Gardner 67) The Dragons teachings do not get t hrough to Grendel very well and finally the Dragon just lets it all out. You drive them to poetry, science, religion, all that makes them what they are for as long as they last. You are, so to speak, the brute existent by which they learn to define themselves. (Gardner 73) After that comment, Grendel stubbornly blurts out that he does not want to be the brute. The dragon sarcastically replies by telling him to feed the hungry and help the poor. The dragon knows that it is inevitable for Grendel to be the brute but Grendel does not yet understand this. By chapters seven and eight, Grendel realizes his role in the hypocrisy. He realizes that when the queen is brought to Hrothgar that letting her live is the best thing to do after she loses her trust in the king. In chapter eight Hrothulf is the student of nihilism as Grendel observes. Grendel learns by listening to Red Horse about the corruption of the government. This is all in contribution to Grendels developing of his idea of nihilism. By chapter ten, Grendel says to the reader, Nihil ex nihilo, I always say. (Gardner 150) He now knows his role. In conclusion, this essay has gone through the development of the idea of nihilism throughout the book. From its early stages in chapters three and four, to its development in chapter five, to its full blown out ideas in chapters seven and eight. Grendel at the end of chapter ten sums up the whole hypocrisy in a simple phrase. A stupid business. (Gardner 150)

Power Essays - Forms Of Government, Social Psychology,

Power Children play king of the mountain with the stronger players trying to keep the weaker ones from taking possession of the top of the hill. One of Golding's many themes expressed in Lord of the Flies is power. In comparison to society, the island consists of democratic, authoritarian, and spiritual power. Sitting in a throne may give a person power, but it does not give them complete authority. Democratic power is shown when choices and decisions are shared among many. Ralph, originally from the Anglo-Saxon language, means "counsel." Ralph is an embodiment of democracy, he is willing to be a leader but knows that its important for each of the boys to be able to speak his mind. When there is a decision to be made, he lets the boys vote on it. In are present democratic government of the United States, the President has to go through Congress to pass a bill. The President runs the operations but he does not have complete power over the decisions. Like the President, Ralph has to go through the boys to make the decisions. "The trouble was, if you were chief you had to think, you had to be wise. And then the occasion slipped by so that you had to grab at a decision. This made you think: because thought was a valuable thing, that got results..."(page 71) In addition to democracy, authoritarian power is additionally portrayed. Authoritarian power allows one person to rule by threatening and terrifying others. Jack comes from the Hebrew and means "one who supplants," one who takes by force. Although the word "military" is never used about Jack, there is something about his manner that suggests military or authoritarian power. Jack lusts for power and is driven to destroy anyone who gets in his way. In 1956, Fidel Castro forced his way into Cuba planning to overthrow the government of Fulgencio Batista, a dictator in Cuba. After Castro became President of the Council of State in 1976, he seized property owned by wealthy Cubans, Americans, and others. He favored the lower classes and made Cuba a communist state. In relation to Castro, Jack overthrows Ralph from being chief and takes over the position with force and abuse. The boys look up to Jack and respect him but there is no understanding. They do not understand why he hides behind his mask or tortures innocent boys. But they do know to respect him or they will be punished. For instance on page 85, "If Jack was chief, we'd have all hunting and no fire. We'd be here till we died." Besides authoritarian, spiritual power is also represented. Spiritual power recognizes internal and external realities and attempts to integrate them. Simon comes from the Hebrew for "listener." It was also the name of one of Jesus' apostles, Simon Peter. This hints at the spiritual role the character will play in the novel: Simon is the only one who hears and understands the truth. In the beginning of the story Simon is introduced as a "skinny, vivid little boy" with epilepsy. In ancient times many thought that the epileptic seizure was an indication that a person had great spiritual powers and was favored by communications from the gods. In an ironic twist, Simon communicates with an evil figure rather than a loving god. Beginning in 1933, Adolf Hitler brutally slayed many "impure" people because of their religious beliefs. Many Jews, whom Hitler blamed Germany's problems on, were sent to concentration camps, where they were murdered. This event relates to the fact that Simon is also killed by the strength of the boys belief in the beast. Simon is very quiet and intimidated, "(he) felt a perilous necessity to speak; but to speak in an assembly was a terrible thing to him."(page 82) Different types of power, with their uses and abuses, are central to the story. Democratic, authoritarian, and spiritual power are each used by one of the characters. A person may have power but it's how they use the power to determine the authority and dominance.

Essay How a Student Can Build a Perfect LinkedIn Profile

Essay How a Student Can Build a Perfect LinkedIn Profile Essay: How a Student Can Build a Perfect LinkedIn Profile Beginning a successful career includes developing a good resume and placing it in some social network to make it visible for recruiters. If you want your resume to attract attention, it should be properly composed. Following a couple of helpful tips can help to avoid common mistakes while making your LinkedIn profile more effective! Choose a suitable photo. Appearance makes the first impression. Thats why it is important to choose a good photo, one which you look pleasant, confident, and professional. Avoid selecting a photo with pets or toys or ones where you look shy or funny. Remember, if you want people to take you seriously, you should look serious, and friendly. Compose a descent heading. A suitable photo should be accompanied by an excellent, well-composed slogan (Garriott, 2015). Think carefully before placing it on your profile, though. It should reflect your motivation and express your future goals and willingness to accept career challenges! An example is, â€Å"Well-trained marketing expert is ready to take a position in a successful international company.† Dont be afraid to sound too self-confident. At this stage, its important to grab the attention of the hiring manager or recruiter and evoke curiosity to find out more about you. Well-rounded education is what counts! The education section must provide details about your education. Write about your major and minor courses and add information about any other relevant courses completed and knowledge useful for the specialty you have acquired (Linked-In, 2013). Every bit of information added to this part of your profile will be beneficial to your profile by making your qualifications clear. Provide relevant experience. The experience section of your profile should outline your professional experience. In addition to naming the companies for which you have worked in the past, highlight the skills and experience you gained (Garriott, 2015). This information is an indicator that you are ready to take responsibility and aspire towards professional growth. Do not worry if the list of past employers is short. This can be because you are young and just beginning your career, or it may be because you stayed a company for a long period of time. The main point is to show that you are diligent and well-motivated. These traits will lead you to success! Its good idea to include key words the recruiter is likely to search for in this part of your resume. In addition, briefly discuss your goals and prospects, as well as your willingness to learn and to face new challenges. Include recommendations. Every first-class resume includes recommendations (Garriott, 2015). Making recommendations in your career area indicates that you are aware of current issues, are widely read in your field, and are eager to make contributions professionally with ideas, time, and effort. Constantly update your profile. No matter how good your profile is, it needs constant updating (Linked in, 2013). Adding new information about your professional experience or an educational course you have recently completed will only gain you more points when considering all the candidates for a suitable position! Attach samples of your work and other important attachments. If you have a portfolio or work samples, you can consider attaching them to your resume (Garriott, 2015). These work samples might make the difference in whether or not you get an interview. Be sure to bring your entire portfolio to the interview, though. The interviewer may want to see more samples. Spending some time on creating your LinkedIn profile and following the suggested guidelines will definitely make your profile more interesting and eye-catching. In turn, this could lead to getting the job of your dreams! Visit our writing service and buy a custom essay which will be written from scratch by experienced academic writers from scratch! Just place your order now.

Safety and Health Issues in the Hospital Laboratory Essay

Safety and Health Issues in the Hospital Laboratory - Essay Example This is what occupational health and safety is all about; protecting the workers from the possible health and security hazards in the work place. Basically, occupational health and safety is an interdisciplinary field which is concerned with the protection of the safety, welfare and the health of the people in work or employment environment. Primarily, the workers are the one who are protected but as a secondary effect, the co-workers, family members, customers, suppliers, surrounding community and the general public that may be affected by the work environment have also to be protected. This paper seeks to highlight health and safety at the work place by considering a case study of a hospital laboratory. It will consider the possible health and safety hazards in the hospital laboratory and how they can easily be managed. Occupational health and safety is not a new idea because since 1950, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) jointly sought to define the concept. The paraphrased joint definition requires that occupational health aims at maintenance of the physical, social and mental wellbeing of all the workers in their workplace (Ladou, 2006). It should also prevent all the safety and health hazards caused by the working conditions thereby protecting the health and physical safety of the workers in a particular working environment. Finally, the practice of occupational safety health and safety also ensures the assignment and maintenance of workers in environment which is in tandem with both their psychological and physiological capacities and thereby adapting the worker to his job and vice versa. Having seen the three major concerns of the practice of occupational health and safety, we shall basically focus on the role of prevention of the safety and health hazards that are caused by the working conditions (Roughton, 2002). In this case, the work environment being considered is the hospital laboratory. 3.0 The Case Study The hospital laboratory is a very important part in the hospital system that helps in the diagnostic function of the system. The laboratory either confirms diagnosis or provides information that helps in the diagnostic process. In the laboratory, the tests that are carried out are aimed at establishing the cause of the observed disease symptoms. The test is often carried out on body fluids and/or wastes such as urine, faeces, blood, sputum, saliva, etc. All these fluids are very potent media for pathogens and other micro organisms that cause diseases in the human body. The test in the

C-Span analysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

C-Span analysis paper - Essay Example The so-called C-Span, or the Cable-Satellite Affairs Network, which is an American cable television network that undergoes broadcasting government and public affairs. It is also made-up of several television channels such as; * C-SPAN features live coverage of the House of Representatives * C-SPAN2 covers the Senate and airs Book TV on weekends * C-SPAN3 covers other live events and airs archived historical programming Some are saying that it is a boring show, for it shows information that is not with the interest of some viewers who are seeking only entertainment. C-Span has something to do with American National Government for it also covers the side of political aspects, the current situation of the politics in the country. The happenings inside the state are broadcasted and are shown to the public. By the C-Span we are informed of the events that are happening from time to time. It up dates us to news. It also archives information for future documentation and viewings.

The International Accounting Standards Board Structure

The International Accounting Standards Board Structure There is overwhelming demand for high quality accounting standards that are internationally accepted. It is of the utmost importance that the IASB delivers these as quickly as possible. Required: a) Outline the current structure of the IASB, highlighting the major influences and controls on it. (30%) b) Explain the main advantages of high quality, internationally accepted accounting standards and the main challenges the IASB faces in developing them. (50%) c) Comment on the quotation above and give a conclusion on its validity. (20%) ANSWER a) The International Accounting Standards Board (hereafter â€Å"IASB†)[1] replaced the International Accounting Standards Committee on April 1 2001. This represented the culmination of a restructuring project based on the recommendations of the report Recommendations on Shaping IASC for the Future.[2] The IASB, which is based in London, is constituted by fourteen board members drawn from nine different countries, of whom twelve are full-time and 3 are part-time. The composition of the membership is as follows: a minimum of five former auditors, three former users of accounts, three former preparers of accounts, and one academic. The remaining two can be drawn from any of these backgrounds or from a different background. The IASB is entrusted with the responsibility to establish International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and its goal is to create conformity and compatibility around the world.[3] Its mission statement is to provide â€Å"high quality, understandable and enforceable global accounting standards†[4]. This is a substantial task, given that the accounting principles generally accepted in each individual country can in practice differ significantly between national jurisdictions. The IASB is organised on the following lines. Its parental body, the IASC Foundation is an independent entity having two main arms, namely, the Trustees and the IASB, and in addition it incorporates the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee and a Standards Advisory Council. The 22 Foundation Trustees of the IASC are empowered to appoint members to the IASB, to exercise general oversight and administrative and managerial supervision, and to generate the funds needed to finance the operation. However it should be stressed that the IASB has sole and exclusive responsibility for establishing accounting standards. The focus of the IASB is on the pursuit of a rolling work plan. The work plan is determined and updated at regular IASB meetings and reflects the objectives and broad timetable of the Memorandum of Understanding[5] between the IASB and the US Financial Accounting Standards Board (hereafter â€Å"FASB†) which lays down the so-called Roadmap for Convergence between IFRSs and US GAAP between 2006 and 2008.[6] The Memorandum of Understanding establishes goals that the IASB and FASB have agreed to achieve so as to facilitate the convergence of accounting standard-setting.[7] The long-term strategic priority of both the IASB and FASB remains the establishment of a common set of high quality global standards. b) The overarching goal of the IASB is the creation and maintenance of a set of understandable, enforceable and effective accounting standards for consistent application around the world. The object of this exercise is to attempt to guarantee both equivalence and transparency in certain universal financial statements compiled in different national jurisdictions across the globe by engineering a commensurate and smooth convergence of previously diverse national standards of accounting reporting..[8] It is manifest that the achievement of such an end would facilitate international business and investment, reduce commercial risk and increase transparency, and improve the general quality of financial reporting around the world. The IASB has resolved that if consistently reliable and effective financial reporting infrastructure is to be established it must both embody and reflect four essential characteristics:[9] 1. It is deemed essential that settled accounting standards are consistent, comprehensive and founded on a transparent set of general principles which strive to guarantee that financial reports fairly and accurately reflect all background and underlying financial realities. 2. Functional mechanisms must be put in place to ensure the adoption of efficient and effective corporate governance practices, and that in turn these should incorporate a condition for strict systems of internal control which serve to apply common accounting standards. 3. Auditing practices must be established in which the diverse users and prepares of accounts in the outside world can invest confidence and trust, and which categorically establish that undertakings produce reports which represent a true and fair view of their economic performance and overall financial state. 4. It is necessary to implement a cogent surveillance and enforcement regime which ensures that the fundamental rules and principles as determined by the universally prevailing auditing and accounting standards are both respected and applied.. The Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements[10] was published by the IASB’s predecessor, the International Accounting Standards Committee in 1989. Popularly known as the Conceptual Framework, this document lays down the essential concepts to be adhered to in the production of financial statements for external appraisal and usage. The Framework deals with such matters as: qualitative characteristics of financial information; fundamental assumptions; objectives of financial statements; elements of financial statements; core components of financial statements; measurement of the items of financial statements; capital maintenance issues.[11] That said, it is worth emphasising that the Conceptual Framework is not accorded the full status of an accounting standard. The same can be said of the Statement of Principles of the UK Accounting Standards Board. This obviously constitutes a practical challenge because it renders application less certain and can result in a dilution of the principles it endeavours to entrench. Despite this difficulty, the Framework guides the current work of the IASB in its development of contemplated International Financial Reporting Standards and it influences the IASB’s rolling review of established International Accounting Standards.. It is submitted that this modus operandi should encourage the harmonisation of accounting standards, and hone those procedures and regulations relevant to the presentation and substance of financial statements by setting down an underlying conceptual rationale for reducing the number of different accounting treatments allowed under international standards. The IASB faces a huge challenge in catering for the all the different classes of users of financial statements, who may seek to use those financial statements for a wide number of purposes. Given that users may include classes as diverse as, suppliers, lenders, trade creditors, investors (current and potential), employees, customers (current and potential), the general public and Government agencies, it is clear that the IASB has to take a vast array of different and sometimes competing interests into account in determining the appropriate rules of accounting.[12] c) It is very hard to argue with the quote under review, because there is manifestly considerable demand among, in particular accounts users, who rely upon accounts to guide a multiplicity of business and investment decisions, for high quality accounting standards that are both internationally accepted and respected and universally applied. Given that unarguable truth the second part of the quote is also clearly well founded. Of course it would be desirable to deliver improvements to accounting standards as soon as possible. This commentator can conceive of no reason to delay the introduction of what would represent a significant improvement in conditions of finance and trade, in particular given the increasing globalisation of business and commerce and the relative growth in the number of international transactions as opposed to national transactions with each passing year. In simple words, business is becoming ever more global and accounting standards must consolidate to reflect t hat new environment and practice. The demand and determination to achieve high quality and internationally accepted accounting standards is perhaps best evidenced by the focused cooperation between accounting standard setting bodies witnessed in recent years. In 2004 the IASB started work on a project in partnership with the US FASB which is aimed at the development of a so-called common conceptual framework, in the hope of that such would facilitate the convergence and refinement of the existing frameworks of both accounting standards Boards.[13] Demand for tighter and more consistent accounting standards has also been fuelled by analysis of the high profile corporate collapses of companies like Enron and WorldCom in recent years.[14] Accountants were widely criticised for auditing errors in these cases, which have already proved the catalysts for a raft of new corporate governance regulations.. These huge corporate collapses and others of their ilk have not only given rise to increased demand for accounting standard improvement and consolidation but also underline the very real need for concerted action in this field. In sum, it is submitted that the quote under review is well founded in both its primary assertions.. THE END WORD COUNT: 1574 (excluding footnotes) BIBLIOGRAPHY Recommendations on Shaping IASC for the Future: A Report of the International Accounting Standards Committee’s Strategy Working Party, Recommendations to the IASC Board, 30 November 1999: http://www.iasb.org/uploaded_files/documents/8_210_swp_rep.pdf Mirza and Epstein, IFRS: Interpretation and Application of International Accounting Standards, (2006) Wiley Horngren, â€Å"Uses and Limitations of a Conceptual Framework,† Journal of Accountancy, April 1981 Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements, http://www.iasplus.com/standard/framewk.htm. Alfredson et al., Applying International Accounting Standards, (2005) Wiley. Lewis and Pendrill, Advanced Financial Accounting, (2004) Prentice Hall International Accounting Standards Board website: http://www.iasb.org/Home.htm Inman, UK accounting firms enjoy  £1bn bonanza in wake of Enron, The Guardian, 28 June 2006. Memorandum of Understanding between the FASB and the IASB 27 February 2006: http://www.iasb..co.uk/. The IASB Conceptual Framework An Introduction, Dr Philip Dunn, AccountingWeb, 9 May 2005: http://www..accountingweb.co.uk/cgi-bin/item.cgi?id=140805d=448h=0f=0. International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) (1998); â€Å"Shaping IASC for the Future†, Discussion Paper, December, 1998 1 Footnotes [1] The non-profit organisation IASC Foundation, incorporated in March 2001 in Delaware, US is the parental body of the IASB. [2] Recommendations on Shaping IASC for the Future: A Report of the International Accounting Standards Committee’s Strategy Working Party, Recommendations to the IASC Board, 30 November 1999: http://www.iasb.org/uploaded_files/documents/8_210_swp_rep.pdf. And see: International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) (1998); â€Å"Shaping IASC for the Future†, Discussion Paper, December, 1998. [3] For an insightful overview see: Alfredson et al., Applying International Accounting Standards, (2005) Wiley. [4] See: http://www.iasb.org/Home.htm. [5] Memorandum of Understanding between the FASB and the IASB 27 February 2006: http://www.iasb.co.uk/. [6] See: http://www.iasb.co.uk/. [7] This is an integral part of the process towards removal of the duty owed by foreign registrants with the SEC to converge their financial statements to the US GAAP model. [8] See for general background and insightful comment: Lewis, R. and Pendrill, D. 2004 Advanced Financial Accounting 7th edition. [9] Statement of Sir David Tweedie, Chairman of the IASB, Before the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs of the United States Senate, Washington DC, 9 September 2004: http://www.iasb.org/uploaded_files/documents/8_129_040909-dpt.pdf. [10] See: Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements, http://www.iasplus.com/standard/framewk.htm. [11] The IASB Conceptual Framework An Introduction, Dr Philip Dunn, AccountingWeb, 9 May 2005: http://www.accountingweb.co.uk/cgi-bin/item.cgi?id=140805d=448h=0f=0. [12] Horngren, Charles T., â€Å"Uses and Limitations of a Conceptual Framework,† Journal of Accountancy, April 1981, p. 90. [13] See: http://www.iasb.org/current/active_projects.asp?showPageContent=noxml=16_107_116_30112004.htm [14] Inman, UK accounting firms enjoy  £1bn bonanza in wake of Enron, The Guardian, 28 June 2006.

Anthony Burgess A Clockwork Orange Essay -- Anthony Burgess Clockwork

Anthony Burgess' A Clockwork Orange Choice and free will are necessary to maintain humanity, both individually and communally; without them, man is no longer human but a â€Å"clockwork orange†, a mechanical toy, as demonstrated in Anthony Burgess’ novel, â€Å"A Clockwork Orange†. The choice between good and evil is a decision every man must make throughout his life in order to guide his actions and control his future. Forcing someone to be good is not as important as the act of someone choosing to be good. This element of choice, no matter what the outcome, displays man’s power as an individual. â€Å"A Clockwork Orange† starts with Alex posing the question: â€Å"what’s it going to be then, eh?†. Burgess begins the story by demonstrating that Alex and his gang are free to do as they choose. Alex and his â€Å"droogs† are rebellious modern youth in an oppressive society. The â€Å"droogs† are tempted like all humanity by sin and try to show their hatred for the government with acts of extreme violence. The violent and rebellious behavior is a result of free will, but without the presence of evil, there would be nothing for humanity to choose. Throughout part one of the novel the droogs’ choices often result in violent actions harming innocent people. Examples of their â€Å"ultra-violence† are rampant: Alex and his droogs choose to rob and assault a man, Alex rapes young girls, and the droogs rob an old â€Å"ptitsa† who later dies from Alex’s assault. As Burgess says : â€Å"evil has to exist along with good, i n order that moral choice may operate†¦Unfortunately there is so much original sin in us all that we find evil rather attractive†. God gave individuals free will, and they are responsible for their actions. The government has no right to interfere with human nature. A person can choose to be good or evil as Alex tries to demonstrate when he says: â€Å" what I do I do because I like to do†. With this statement, Alex clearly demonstrates that he is responsible for his actions and he chooses to act out against society simply because he likes to, because he is attracted to sin. When Alex and his gang attack F. Alexander and his wife, we again witness horrible acts of violence that are ultimately the result of Alex’s choice. This appalling scene is another example of Alex using his free will and his temptation towards evil. Evil is not only part of Alex’s life but the government’s as well. Th... ...at it’s going to be, brothers†. Alex willfully chooses to change his ways; he decides to be productive, and chooses love over sin. He realizes that what he did in the past was wrong, as well as the immorality of his ways. It is through free moral choice that Alex arrives at this conclusion, not through a government technique forcing him to make the â€Å"right† decision. As part of the process of maturity, Alex would have likely selected this path naturally. However, the interference of the government and F.Alexander’s interference with Alex’s moral choice ultimately drove him to attempt suicide to escape the evil ways they chose for reform. Moral choice can lead to violence, but without the risks, there would be nothing for humanity to choose. The government and F.Alexander’s faction control Alex’s free will to justify their own political agenda. They control his ability to choose without realizing that interfering with humanity’s ability to exercise free will is evil. Both the government and F.Alexander’s faction claim to be â€Å"the good guys† when they are the true faces of pure evil. One has to remember that evil is a master of disguise. It often hides behind the mask of the hero.

A Character Sketch of Mustapha Mond in Brave New World

Mustapha Mond Character Sketch It is said that a great leader must always lead by example. This is not always true, a leader must sometimes partake in some negative activities in order to protect the interests of the populous. An excellent example of this is Mustapha Mond. When one first meets Mustapha Mond, it is obvious that he is distinctly different from the other alpha plusses; Mond is unique, wise, and authoritative. Mustapha Mond is unique in part because he reads prohibited literature. Unlike the other denizens of Brave New World, Mond has read the classic works of Shakespeare, the Bible, and other remnants of the old world.Additionally, he believes in the presence of god. This is a concept unknown to most of the populous, because society has made god unnecessary; when no one is ever alone or unhappy, they do not need to request things from god. Mond used to be an inquisitive scientist; he was smart enough to realize that the so-called science they practiced was not real inno vation, thus he started to experiment on his own or in Mond's words, † ‘I started doing a bit of cooking on my own. Unorthodox cooking, illicit cooking. A bit of real science' â€Å"(226).Doing things in private, let alone doing science in private is something unheard of in Brave New World. Although, being the only man in a world full of sheep, can be a good trait to a leader. Mond is wise, thus a good leader. He understands the big picture. One example of this ability, is that he recognizes that the high arts cannot exist without strife. The current society has nearly no pain, no sorrow, no loneliness, and none of the detrimental negative emotions that are necessary to understand works of high art, such as Othello.He recognizes that the populous would no longer understand classics like Romeo and Juliet. Additionally, he recognizes that however much workers may request for shorter hours, the truth is, they are happier working the longer work days. This is because, worke rs have nothing to do in their â€Å"spare time† as was exemplified by Mond, † ‘Ireland was put on to the four-hour day. What was the result? Unrest and a large increase in the consumption of soma' † (224). In fact, Mond claims that the Invention office is stuffed with labor saving ideas; however, for the sake of stability, he uses his authority as the ResidentWorld Controller to hold back change that would be detrimental to society. Authority is a requirement for people in positions of power, and as the Resident World Controller, Mond is not afraid to use his power. A stable society cannot have dissenters, thus, all nonconformists are sent to sub centers including Bernard Marx and Helmholtz. However, he does not allow John to leave Brave New World, with his fore mentioned friends Bernard and Helmholtz, because the experiment, being the introduction of a â€Å"savage† into civilization, must go on.Mond's authority is best summarized in his own words: † ‘I make the laws here, I can also break them. With impunity, Mr. Marx, Which I'm afraid you can't' † (219). In the words of Vincent Thomas Lombardi, â€Å"The leader can never close the gap between himself and the group. If he does, he is no longer what he must be. † Mustapha Mond is an excellent example of this, Mond is a wise, unique, and authoritative leader with traits that distinguish him from the other alpha plusses. He is one of the few conscious people in a world full of glassy eyed automatons.

Employee Remuneration - 13571 Words

Chapter I INTRODUCTION 1. MEANING OF WAGE/ COMPENSATION PAYMENT: Wage is a monetary payment made by the employer to his employee for the work done or services rendered. It is a monetary compensation for the services rendered [1]. A worker may be paid Rs. 100 per day or Rs. 4500 per month. This is wage payment. The worker gives his services and takes payment called wage payment. Industrial workers are paid remuneration for their services in terms of money called wage payment. Wages are usually paid in cash at the end of one day, one month or one week. Money wage is the monetary compensation or price paid by the employer to his employee for the services rendered. Such compensation is also called wage or salary or reward†¦show more content†¦This is due to poverty, rising prices, mass unemployment and rising population. Wage payment indeed a vexatious problem and needs to be tackled from economic, social and humanistic angles. 1.2 CONCEPT OF FAIR WAGES: Fair wages is the wage which is above the minimum wage but below the living wage. Obviously the lower limit of the fair wage is the minimum wage and the upper limit is set by the ability of the industry to pay. Between these two limits, fair wages should depend on the factors like – 1. Prevailing rates of wages in the same occupation 2. Prevailing rates of wages in the same region or neighbouring areas 3. Employers ability to pay 4. Level of national income and its distribution 5. Productivity of labour 6. Status enjoyed by the industry in the economy Hence it can be said that fair wages are determined on industry cum region basis. When fair wages are paid employees enjoy higher standard of living. It is accepted fact that wages must be fair and reasonable. Wages is fair when the employee is able to meet its essential needs and enjoy reasonable standard of living. †Equal pay for equal work† serves as base of fair wage [4]. 1.3 FACTORS INFLUENCING WAGE AND SALARY STRUCTURE [5] †¢ The organization’s ability to pay: Wage increases should be given by those organizations which can afford them. Companies that have good sales and therefore high profits tend to pay higher wages than those which areShow MoreRelated8.7.1. Employer And Employee Benefits . †¢Remuneration Package1732 Words   |  7 Pages8.7.1. 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