A Comparison of Nurses Essay

A Comparison of Nurses Educated at the Associate-Degree Level versus the Baccalaureate-Degree Level A vocation in nursing has numerous prospects and relying upon where one is utilized there might be distinctive instructive necessities. There are numerous attendants in the workforce with just their associate’s degree in nursing, yet over the long haul it appears that the baccalaureate degree is getting a greater amount of a desire. This raises the inquiry is there a distinction in the competency of the partner level attendant from the baccalaureate-level medical caretaker? Studies are indicating that there is a distinction and patient results are influenced by this distinction. Contrasts between the Associate Degree in Nursing and the Baccalaureate Degree in Nursing In request to think about the skills between medical attendants arranged at the partner degree level versus the baccalaureate-degree level, one should initially contrast the prerequisites with acquire these degrees. The Associate’s Degree in Nursing, curtailed ADN, is a two-year degree generally earned through a junior college. It requires 60 credit hours to finish and upon fruition the alumni can apply for licensure through the state wherein they will rehearse. The Bachelors of Science in Nursing, likewise called BSN, is a four-year degree got at a college. It incorporates similar regions of study and has a similar endless supply of the NCLEX as the ADN nurture, yet digs further into nursing hypothesis just as pathophysiology and specialized abilities. Numerous businesses require the bachelor’s qualification for higher situations in nursing, for example, clinical chiefs and medical attendant pros. Contrasts in abilities between medical attendants arranged at the partner degree level versus the baccalaureate-degree level As clarified over the bachelor’s certificate in nursing requires two additional long periods of training and an a lot further investigation of nursing hypothesis and pathophysiology than the associate’s degree. The inquiry is does this additional instruction and spotlight on nursing hypothesis make a BSN nurture more capable than an ADN nurture. Exploration proposes there is a critical impact of medical caretaker experience and a noteworthy impact of the level of BSN nurture in every emergency clinic (Kendall-Gallagher, Aiken, Sloane &Cimiotti, 2011) with respect to better patient results. To comprehend the distinction one must glance at the fundamental nursing procedure and how information on nursing hypothesis and pathophysiology influences it. The fundamental procedure instructed in nursing school in giving patient consideration is appraisal, plan, mediation and assessment. Appraisal is one the principal things a nursing understudy learns. The partner level and single guy level attendant will both have taken in this ability in the absolute first long periods of nursing school. The two medical attendants will likewise be able with the last advance, assessment of the intercessions. The bit of leeway a BSN medical caretaker will have lies in the center two stages plan and mediation. The arrangement and intercessions an attendant gives is influenced by their dynamic aptitudes and this depends on their training. Plan and Intervention. To decide a patient’s plan of care, one glances at the anomalous appraisals and afterward utilizes their insight into pathophysiology to decide the arrangement of care. While the BSN attendant won't really have progressively clinical hours in surveying the patient, they will have taken a greater number of classes in pathophysiology than the ADN medical caretaker and along these lines may see an illness procedure more promptly than the ADN nurture. This is the place the mediations will happen. Mediations are controlled by the medical caretaker dependent on their dynamic abilities. Dynamic Skills Nursing is a field wherein one is given a lot of self-governance. In this way a very remarkable patient’s care is influenced by a nurse’s dynamic abilities. One’s capacity to settle on choices is influenced by numerous things including past encounters, condition and instruction. The concentration here is training and how the extra examination for the BSN influences nurses’ dynamic aptitudes. The BSN attendant will have contemplated pathophysiology and nursing hypothesis in more prominent profundity than the ADN nurture. This additional information is then applied to the choices a medical attendant makes for their patient. These choices greatly affect understanding results and late examinations have demonstrated that there is diminished bleakness, mortality, and inability to-save rates in medical clinics that utilize bigger rates of baccalaureate arranged attendants (Altman, 2011). Impact of baccalaureate-degree level medical caretakers on quiet results In the intense circumstance the BSN attendant can utilize their insight into pathophysiology notwithstanding their dynamic aptitudes to diminish dreariness and mortality. Considering the more prominent picture, a progressively comprehensive methodology dependent on the BSN nurse’s recognition with nursing hypothesis, will improve understanding results. For instance let’s take a gander at a medical clinic confirmation for a congestive cardiovascular breakdown fuel. Both the ADN and BSN medical caretaker will survey the patient and notice exemplary signs like brevity of breath and edema. The two attendants will anticipate diuresis and giving close consideration to respiratory status. The distinction will accompany the all encompassing methodology that a BSN nurture is bound to take. The accentuation on the nursing hypotheses that a BSN nurture has contemplated will permit them to take a gander at the patient all in all, as opposed to managing just adjustment of manifestations. The information on nursing hypothesis the BSN nurture has will permit them to dig further into why this patient conceded and what they can do to forestall a readmission. The BSN nurture poses inquiries with regards to what caused the compounding. It might be that the patient needs all the more instructing on diet and drug consistence. They will get some information about their home circumstance. It’s conceivable the patient is having money related weights that have shielded them from filling their remedies. The BSN nurture is bound to take a gander at the home circumstance. The patient may have discouragement with the conclusion and need a few assets for social help. With respect to King’s hypothesis, nursing’s focal objective is to assist people with keeping up their wellbeing so they can work in their jobs (Creasia, 180). By helping the patient capacity in their job, the medical caretaker engages the patient to have a more advantageous existence. The patient is sent home instructed with the assets expected to have a sound existence and in this way decreases superfluous emergency clinic confirmations. This thusly permits the space accessible for emergency clinic confirmations that are vital and prompts a more beneficial network. REFERENCES Altmann, Tanya K. (2011). Enlisted attendants coming back to class for aâ bachelors qualification in nursing: Issues rising up out of a meta-investigation of the examination. Contemporary Nurse: A Journal for the Australian Nursing Profession, 39, (2): 256-72. Creasia, J; Friberg, E. (2011). Calculated Foundations: The Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice. (fifth Edition). St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby, Inc. , an offshoot of Elsevier Inc. Kendall-Gallagher, Deborah; Aiken, Linda H. ; Sloane, Douglas M. ; Cimiotti, Jeannie P. (2011). Medical caretaker Specialty Certification, Inpatient Mortality, and Failure to Rescue. Diary of Nursing Scholarship, 43, 188-94.

One of Britains most popular writers Essay Example For Students

One of Britains most mainstream scholars Essay Charles Dickens is one of Britains most mainstream essayists. Analyze A Christmas Carol and how Dickens utilizes language and various methods in the novel to carry individuals and spots to life. In this exposition I will look at one of the universes best essayists, Charles Dickens. I will investigate how Dickens utilizes language and various strategies in the novel to carry individuals and spots to life. Charles Dickens was conceived in Portsmouth in 1812, the child of a representative in the Navy pay office. Dickens first novel was distributed when he was just 25. This was the initial segment in a serialization called The Pickwick Papers the arrangement was amazingly effectively and monetarily exceptionally helpful. Dickens at that point proceeded to compose Oliver Twist, Nicholas Nickleby and the Old interest Shop which were totally finished by 1841. What's more, in 1843 he composed his most well known novel A Christmas Carol. Dickens is such a well known creator since individuals discover his accounts energizing and holding. Dickens makes important characters and places, he does this utilizing numerous strategies, for example, embodiment, bunching of words and utilizing analogies, which is all apparent in the primary section I will analyze. In the section where it depicts the road and the chilly, Dickens utilizes numerous procedures however focuses on embodiment, sentence length and faculties. He does this by utilizing long sentences portraying the shops and breathes life into things when he says The old pinnacle of a congregation, whose rough old chime was continually peeping cleverly down at Scrooge. He additionally utilizes representation on the ice since he referenced skeptic ice which implies disagreeable. He utilized faculties like when he composed berries popped to make a virus impact as though the berries were solidified over. These are pressed into long enlightening sentences, so to split it up Dickens utilized a short four-word sentence that is The virus got extraordinary. to separate the depiction and to keep the fervor and anticipation there. This additionally puts enthuses on the serious cold which is the focal point of his portrayal. In the following section where Dickens is depicting Scrooge he primarily centers around bunching of modifiers yet in addition utilized a couple of comparisons to make his composing all the more charming. Dickens utilizes grouping of descriptive words to depict Scrooge as a cool, tight, mean and narrow minded man. For instance it utilizes the words, A pressing, twisting, getting a handle on, scratching, grasping avaricious old delinquent! which are for the most part incredibly terrible words in the event that you are depicting an individual. He utilizes these words since he is desolate and after Jacob Marley kicked the bucket he felt no need or companions. Dickens utilizes metaphors in this section to contrast objects with Scrooges sentiments, for example, to portray his dejection, he utilizes, singular as a shellfish since clams are caught onside their shells holding on to come out simply like Scrooge. The last entry I will investigate is depicting the climate. Dickens utilizes a great deal of language procedures, for example, bunching of descriptive words, since quite a while ago nitty gritty sentences and likenesses. He utilizes representation to bring the climate alive when he composed gnawing climate, he composes this yet climate can not nibble, this is a decent word to utilize in light of the fact that when you get cold you can not feel your fingers and you feel like somebody is squeezing you or gnawing you. Dickens consistently utilizes metaphors in the most ideal manner as this time he composed neighboring workplaces, similar to rosy smears upon the substantial earthy colored air. Which brings the image into your psyche that there is a thick mist where you just barely observe the layouts of the structures and the air appeared to be earthy colored as it blended in with the block. He utilizes long sentences in this entry followed by a short one to separate the content and give the peruser somewhat of a rest and to make more environments in the book. .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857 , .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857 .postImageUrl , .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857 , .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857:hover , .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857:visited , .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857:active { border:0!important; } .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857:active , .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857:hover { haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u6492cd4 a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u6492cd4a99f6a430005d4c99676e3857:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Edna: The Awakwening EssayIn end to my article, I feel that Dickens composing methods, which help breath life into his settings and characters. He shifts the sentence lengths and utilizations comparisons, sound to word imitation, exemplification, grouping of words, faculties and all these function admirably in his content. Dickens was the best author of his time since he utilized such huge numbers of intriguing words and expresses and made every one of his books the best read.

On financial aid, the JJWBGSP Scholarship, and student loan scams COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

On financial aid, the JJWBGSP Scholarship, and student loan scams COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog To our Fall 2019 MIA, MPA and MPA-DP applicants: Thank you for your patience as the Admissions Committee reads your applications. Decisions will be released in mid-March (so, soon!), and youll receive an email telling you to check your Status Page. Weve already been receiving some questions about financial aid and wanted to give a few updates about that: First, well have a number of admitted students events, online and in-person, that will fully cover financial aid options at SIPA. A reminder that your financial aid information is confidential, and often the best way to get personal information tailored to you is by contacting our Office of Financial Aid at sipa_finaid@columbia.edu. Second is a scholarship reminder: In case you didnt mark your calendars last time we posted about it, the 2019 Joint Japan/World Bank Graduate Scholarship Program application opens tomorrow, March 7th, and closes on April 11, 2019. Find the full information for the JJWBGSP Scholarship on their website. Finally, if you have a phone number, there’s a good chance that you have recently received numerous calls from someone telling you that your student loans are eligible for reduced monthly payments and/or forgiveness. There are a number of ways that student loan borrowers may be able to reduce monthly payments and/or qualify for partial forgiveness of their loan, but please be aware that these phone calls are all scams. An article in the morning Metro describes an example; a borrower learns about repayment options that provide some relief, but doesn’t realize that the $50 monthly fee she’s being charged to sign up and remain in that option is completely unnecessary. Student loan borrowers have many options for repayment, and thanks to the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) Program, many can get part of their loans forgiven, but all of this can be arranged by working with their loan servicer â€" completely free of charge. The monthly payments themselves might be a big enough financial obligation; don’t add an extra fee for services that shouldn’t cost anything. Again, any SIPA students with questions about student loan repayment can always meet with or contact (sipa_finaid@columbia.edu) a member of the Financial Aid Office staff for guidance; we also have information on repayment and PSLF here.  We know that student loans can cause stress, but take the time to get all the facts.

On financial aid, the JJWBGSP Scholarship, and student loan scams COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

On financial aid, the JJWBGSP Scholarship, and student loan scams COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog To our Fall 2019 MIA, MPA and MPA-DP applicants: Thank you for your patience as the Admissions Committee reads your applications. Decisions will be released in mid-March (so, soon!), and youll receive an email telling you to check your Status Page. Weve already been receiving some questions about financial aid and wanted to give a few updates about that: First, well have a number of admitted students events, online and in-person, that will fully cover financial aid options at SIPA. A reminder that your financial aid information is confidential, and often the best way to get personal information tailored to you is by contacting our Office of Financial Aid at sipa_finaid@columbia.edu. Second is a scholarship reminder: In case you didnt mark your calendars last time we posted about it, the 2019 Joint Japan/World Bank Graduate Scholarship Program application opens tomorrow, March 7th, and closes on April 11, 2019. Find the full information for the JJWBGSP Scholarship on their website. Finally, if you have a phone number, there’s a good chance that you have recently received numerous calls from someone telling you that your student loans are eligible for reduced monthly payments and/or forgiveness. There are a number of ways that student loan borrowers may be able to reduce monthly payments and/or qualify for partial forgiveness of their loan, but please be aware that these phone calls are all scams. An article in the morning Metro describes an example; a borrower learns about repayment options that provide some relief, but doesn’t realize that the $50 monthly fee she’s being charged to sign up and remain in that option is completely unnecessary. Student loan borrowers have many options for repayment, and thanks to the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) Program, many can get part of their loans forgiven, but all of this can be arranged by working with their loan servicer â€" completely free of charge. The monthly payments themselves might be a big enough financial obligation; don’t add an extra fee for services that shouldn’t cost anything. Again, any SIPA students with questions about student loan repayment can always meet with or contact (sipa_finaid@columbia.edu) a member of the Financial Aid Office staff for guidance; we also have information on repayment and PSLF here.  We know that student loans can cause stress, but take the time to get all the facts.

What Is an Electric Field Definition, Formula, Example

When a balloon is rubbed against a sweater, the balloon becomes charged. Because of this charge, the balloon can stick to walls, but when placed beside another balloon that has also been rubbed, the first balloon will fly in the opposite direction. Key Takeaways: Electric Field An electric charge is a property of matter that causes two objects to attract or repel depending on their charges (positive or negative).An electric field is a region of space around an electrically charged particle or object in which an electric charge would feel force.An electric field is a vector quantity and can be visualized as arrows going toward or away from charges. The lines are defined as pointing radially outward, away from a positive charge, or radially inward, toward a negative charge. This phenomenon is the result of a property of matter called electric charge. Electric charges produce electric fields: regions of space around electrically charged particles or objects in which other electrically charged particles or objects would feel force. Electric Charge Definition An electric charge, which can be either positive or negative, is a property of matter that causes two objects to attract or repel. If the objects are oppositely charged (positive-negative), they will attract; if they are similarly charged (positive-positive or negative-negative), they will repel. The unit of electric charge is the coulomb, which is defined as the amount of electricity that is conveyed by an electrical current of 1 ampere in 1 second. Atoms, which are the basic units of matter, are made of three types of particles: electrons, neutrons, and protons. Electrons and protons themselves are electrically charged and have a negative and positive charge, respectively. A neutron is not electrically charged. Many objects are electrically neutral and have a total net charge of zero. If there is an excess of either electrons or protons, thus yielding a net charge that is not zero, the objects are considered charged. One way to quantify electrical charge is by using the constant e 1.602 *10-19 coulombs. An electron, which is the smallest quantity of negative electrical charge, has a charge of -1.602 *10-19 coulombs. A proton, which is the smallest quantity of positive electrical charge, has a charge of 1.602 *10-19 coulombs. Thus, 10 electrons would have a charge of -10 e, and 10 protons would have a charge of 10 e. Coulombs Law Electric charges attract or repel each other because they exert forces on each other. The force between two electric point charges—idealized charges that are concentrated at one point in space—is described by Coulomb’s law. Coulombs law states that the strength, or magnitude, of the force between two point charges is proportional to the magnitudes of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance between the two charges. Mathematically, this is given as: F (k|q1q2|)/r2 where q1 is the charge of the first point charge, q2 is the charge of the second point charge, k 8.988 * 109 Nm2/C2 is Coulomb’s constant, and r is the distance between two point charges. Although there are technically no real point charges, electrons, protons, and other particles are so small that they can be approximated by a point charge. Electric Field Formula An electric charge produces an electric field, which is a region of space around an electrically charged particle or object in which an electric charge would feel force. The electric field exists at all points in space and can be observed by bringing another charge into the electric field. However, the electric field can be approximated as zero for practical purposes if the charges are far enough from each other. Electric fields are a vector quantity and can be visualized as arrows going toward or away from charges. The lines are defined as pointing radially outward, away from a positive charge, or radially inward, toward a negative charge. The magnitude of the electric field is given by the formula E F/q, where E is the strength of the electric field, F is the electric force, and q is the test charge that is being used to â€Å"feel† the electric field. Example: Electric Field of 2 Point Charges For two point charges, F is given by Coulomb’s law above. Thus, F (k|q1q2|)/r2, where q2 is defined as the test charge that is being used to â€Å"feel† the electric field.We then use the electric field formula to obtain E F/q2, since q2 has been defined as the test charge.After substituting for F, E   (k|q1|)/r2. Sources Fitzpatrick, Richard. â€Å"Electric Fields.† The University of Texas at Austin, 2007.Lewandowski, Heather, and Chuck Rogers. â€Å"Electric Fields.† University of Colorado at Boulder, 2008.Richmond, Michael. â€Å"Electric Charge and Coulomb’s Law.† Rochester Institute of Technology.

Must Be Obeyed ( P. 280 - 1256 Words

must be obeyed (p.280). Collectivist societies include a built-in hierarchy, each position within the society is preordained with little to no wiggle room. In the case of Stalin, he ensured there would be no question of his authority by surrounding himself by subordinates who served him (did as they were told and served a purpose within his regime) and those subjects who may have questioned him feared him for those who offered the slightest bit of opposition were executed or exiled. However, there were those who loved him. Strong and Killingsworth (2011) quoted Kornei Chukovski (1936) as writing in his diary the following excerpt: And HE stood, a little weary, pensive and stately. One could feel the tremendous habit of power, the force†¦show more content†¦282). One of Stalin’s tactics to establish his social power was through â€Å"manipulation and control of the media† (Strong Killingsworth, 2011, p. 407). Stalin seemed to be quite skilled in his use of the media to portray the image of himself that he wished his followers to see. News articles were written in such a way to cause people feel as if Stalin was synonymous with power. All of this media manipulation cemented the growing bond between Stalin and his followers making them love him all the more (Strong Killingsworth, 2011, p. 407). Thereby exerting his social power through literature and by using the manipulation of media created a God-like image of himself that his followers loved and adored. Certain individuals believe that it is unimaginable the atrocious acts a dictator will orchestrate to ensure the submission of hi s followers to his rule. Leading them to wonder why people follow dictators? In the book, The Psychology of Dictatorship by Fathali M. Moghaddam (2013), the author addresses several aspects as to what it means to live under a dictatorship. The first point of interest is how individuals tend to assume the worldview of their particular culture (p. 47). Shiraev and Levy (2013) explain that when this happens, it is called groupthink (p. 283) within a dictatorship, each

Why Athens Lost the Peloponessian War Free Essays

â€Å"They were beaten at all points and altogether; all that they suffered was great; they were destroyed as the saying is with total destruction, their fleet, their army; everything was destroyed and few out of many returned home. † (Thucydides, Peloponnesian War, 481) The Sicilian military campaign of Athens proved to be one of the most disastrous military campaigns in ancient times. The loss of thousands of soldiers and sailors, hundreds of vessels and vast amounts of money from the treasury reduced tremendously the Athenian ability to wage war; however, even in spite of such a loss, Athens was still able to prolong the war for nine more years until the Spartans defeated Athens in 404 B. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Athens Lost the Peloponessian War or any similar topic only for you Order Now C. The downfall of Athens came as a result of Spartan military operations, which destroyed the Athenian navy and cut off Athens from the supply of grain from Ionia. The decisive battle at Aegospotami in 405 B. C put an end to the Athenian empire and Athenian military power. There were many reasons for the demise of Athens, ranging from bad leadership and preparation for war to a lack of overall strategic concept for conducting the war against Sparta and its allies. All of these reasons contributed to the downfall of Athens in the Peloponnesian War; however, this paper will focus only on the failure of Athens to execute Pericles’s strategy. Athens lost the Peloponnesian War because of a failure to follow the strategy of Pericles, which ultimately led to reckless expeditions, ill-advised war decisions and loss of allies. Pericles was an Athenian politician and general during the time when tensions between Sparta and Athens were rapidly escalating. The two city-states were constantly feuding over interests and were unable to compromise on several issues such as the siege of Potidaea, Megarian decree, and allowing Aegina become independent. This unwillingness of both sides in turn, pushed the rival poleis into a war against each other, which marked the start of the first Peloponnesian War. Before the hostilities began, Pericles laid out a strategy before the council, which if Athens were to follow would lead to a favorable outcome over the Lacedaemonians. The principles of Pericles’ strategy centered on naval warfare, attrition and limited foreign engagements during the time of war. Pericles being a wise strategist and a general knew the strengths and weaknesses of Athens and their opponents Lacedaemonians. Athens could not match the Spartan superiority in the hoplite warfare; however, Athens was capable of destroying Sparta by conducting raids from the sea on Spartan territory. The Athenian maritime fleet became one of the most powerful fleets in the ancient world after the defeat of Persia. The Athenian navy consisted of hundreds of ships and thousands of sailors who over the years gained experience and became second to none in their craft. Their familiarity with the sea allowed Athens to sail anywhere and raise fortification against any enemy in their own land. Such an advantage over the seas prevented Athenian opponents from committing too many resources and soldiers against Athens because of the fear that Athens might strike while they were on an expedition. Furthermore, the domination of the seas allowed Athens to become wealthy from trading with her allies and colonies. The money made abroad combined with the tributes from allies allowed Athens to acquire means for prolonged wars. On the other hand, Sparta in the eyes of Pericles could not afford this luxury and had to fight shorter wars. â€Å"Spartans personally engaged in the cultivation of their land, had no private or public funds, the Peloponnesians are also without experience in long wars across the sea. (Thucydides, Peloponnesian War, 82) Pericles saw that Sparta can only gain land and money by battle, while Athens had plenty of islands where they received their resources from, which in turn did not require Athens to engage in many battles. In addition, Lacedaemonians were also limited by the type of alliance they were in, where each member had an equal vote. The group had to reach a consensus before they could act, while Athens made decisions and her allies followed. Pericles foresaw that the Peloponnesian League members in their war decisions would press for their own well-being instead of the common good. Therefore, when Athens would attack one of the allies of Sparta, Spartans would be put in a position where they had to choose to either to protect their allies and abandon the attack on Athens, or to continue the attack without support. That was the strategy of Pericles to defeat Lacedaemonians and their allies. By remaining in the city and conducting naval warfare, Athens would eventually reach a favorable outcome against the Spartans. Additionally, for as long as they abstained from new conquest during the war and kept their allies with them they had a good chance in winning the war. Following the death of Pericles in 429 B. C. the Athenian strategy for the war began to change. â€Å"Private ambitions and interests in matters apparently quite foreign to the war, lead them into projects unjust both to themselves and to their allies, projects whose successes would only conduce to the honor and advantage of private persons, and whose failure entailed certain disaster on the country in the war. † (Thucydides, Peloponnesian War, 126) Personal ambitions and interests were in many cases put before the common good. This change in the strategy was exhibited in many situations and the most prominent was the Sicilian campaign. It was not in Athens’ strategic interest to invade Sicily because the city was still struggling with enemies within their homeland. But, common good and the strategic interest of a polis were overshadowed by eloquent speeches of individuals who promised wealth and expansion of the Athenian Empire as the results of the expeditions. However, these expeditions proved to be more detrimental than beneficial to the city of Athens. The Sicilian campaign is the prime example of unnecessary expedition, which stemmed more from personal ambitions than overall interest of the city. Athens became involved in Sicily because of her alliance with Egesta, which was at war with Selinuntines. The Egestaeans called upon Athens to assist them in war not only because they signed an alliance and belonged to the same Ionian ethnic groups but also because of supposed danger that Syracusans the allies of Selinuntines posed to Athens. Egestaeans persuaded Athenians that if they would not act Syracusans would take over Sicily and than would join the Peloponnesians in attacking Athens. The envoys from Athens were dispatched to survey the situation in Sicily and when they returned Athens decided to join the Egestaeans in the war against Selinuntines and Syracusans. Few Athenians questioned the decision of the council, however, among them was Nicias the general who was leading the expedition to Sicily. Nicias argued that the expedition to Sicily would bring Athens more enemies and more problems. Athens needed to focus on the war with the Lacedaemonians and securing the empire they established and not to undertake new conquests. However, his arguments fell on deaf ears and Athens began to prepare for the expedition. Over five thousands hoplites and one hundred triremes were dispatched from Athens to Sicily in 415 B. C. The goal of the expedition was simple, to capture Syracuse, however, Syracuse stood its ground and the Athenian generals requested more soldiers and ships from Athens. Even with the reinforcements, Athens was unable to gain advantage over the Syracusans. The results of the expedition were disastrous and not what the Athenians had expected. Syracuse and their allies, with the help of Spartans were able to stop and later annihilate the Athenians in Sicily. The Athenian failure in Sicily reverberated across the Greek world, which led to more problems for the Athenians. With the news of the defeat, not only did the enemies of Athens become more emboldened to take actions against Athens but also the Athenian colonies began to revolt which caused Athens both economic and political problems. Athens’ source of strength came from her allies and colonies. They did not only provide Athens with money in a form of tribunes but also supplied her with resources such as wood, silver or food. The Athenian alliance system was set up in such a way that it required everyone to contribute money, ships or men. These contributions were then put to use in the war by Athens. The contributions kept on coming in for as long as Athens could control her allies, however when Athens began to engage in battles and started losing them, the allies revolted. The allies and colonies began to revolt because Athens could no longer proceed with forces against them. Additionally, the treatment by Athens created resentment among the allies and colonies. The allies no longer saw themselves as equals but as servants to Athens. When Lacedaemonians came through, their city’s majority changed sides because they believed that would receive freedom from by siding with Sparta. The revolutions of allies in many cases were also due to the bad treatment by Athens. After engaging in campaigns, which did not bring back the desired result, Athens pressed her allies for more tribunes and contributions. The poleis which did not want to pay more eventually revolted, than Athens was forced to put down the revolutions with force, which alienated the allies even more. The revolts and losses of allies had a profound impact on Athenian war efforts. Not only did they require Athens to diverge manpower and resources away from the war but also Athens was cut of from tribunes, which they badly needed after the failure in Sicily. â€Å"If you consent not to combine schemes of fresh conquest with the conduct of the war, and will abstain willfully involving yourselves in other dangers, indeed, I am more afraid of our own blunders than of the enemy’s devices. † (Thucydides, Peloponnesian War, 85) The leaders of Athens and majority of the Athenian populace did not take the advice of Pericles to heart. Witnessing the destruction of the countryside from inside the Long Walls, many Athenians became enraged with Pericles’s strategy. People like Cleon and Alcibiades who promulgated more offensive and daring plans in the war, became leaders. With their promises of wealth, glory and fame, they were able to persuade Athenians to engage in unneeded expeditions. However, these expeditions only drew the attention away of what was actually needed to end the war. Athens lost the Peloponnesian War because of her failure to follow Pericles’s strategy. Pericles’s strategy stressed the importance of navy and staying within one’s walls which if was adhered to by the Athenians; it would ultimately lead Athens towards a favorable outcome. However, personal ambitions and interest preceded the common good, which resulted in failed expeditions and policies. These disastrous expeditions in the end were compounded with revolts and losses of allies, which ultimately led to the Athenian downfall. Athens was no longer able to provide manpower and resources to continue the war and ultimately was taken over by Lacedaemonia. 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